Wet mounts can be examined for the presence of trichomonads and ‘clue
cells’. Stained smears can be examined for the presence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, gonococci, the aetiological agents of bacterial vaginosis and Candida (chapter 20).
The criterion for the diagnosis of urethritis is the presence of 5 or more
polymorphonuclear leucocytes per oil immersion high power field in 5 or more fields in a satisfactory area of a properly prepared urethral smear. Best results are obtained if the patient has not passed urine overnight; if this is not practicable, the patient should be asked to refrain from voiding for 4 hours before providing a urine sample.
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